Menu
Skin cancer occurs when abnormal skin cells grow uncontrollably, often as a result of excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays. These cells multiply rapidly and can invade surrounding tissue. While the disease primarily affects the skin, it can metastasize to other parts of the body if left untreated. There are several forms of skin cancer, varying in aggressiveness. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common and tends to grow slowly, while melanoma, a rarer form, is more dangerous due to its propensity to spread quickly. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis for those affected, highlighting the importance of regular skin checks and sun protection.
There are three primary types of skin cancer:
Skin cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world, with millions of new cases emerging annually. Non-melanoma skin cancers, such as basal and squamous cell carcinoma, are the most prevalent, affecting millions in the U.S. each year. Melanoma, though less common, remains a significant concern due to its higher mortality rate. Risk factors such as UV exposure, fair skin, and a history of sunburns increase the likelihood of developing the disease. Despite its high incidence, most forms of skin cancer are treatable if detected early, emphasizing the importance of awareness and routine skin examinations.
Perform regular self-examinations of your skin, especially areas frequently exposed to the sun. Watch for changes in existing moles or spots and the appearance of new growths.
Skin cancer can present as a new growth or a change in an existing mole. Some common signs include:
Causes: Skin cancer is often caused by DNA damage due to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Other risk factors include a family history, weakened immune system, or exposure to certain chemicals.
It varies depending on the type:
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or tanning beds is the leading cause of skin cancer, damaging DNA and triggering mutations that lead to abnormal cell growth. Fair-skinned individuals are particularly susceptible, as they have less melanin to protect against UV rays. Other causes include exposure to radiation, certain chemicals like arsenic, and chronic inflammation or wounds. Immunosuppression, either from medication or disease, can also increase vulnerability, as can a family history of skin cancer.
Diagnosing skin cancer involves a thorough physical examination and history review. Dermatologists often use dermoscopy, a specialized tool for examining skin lesions. If a suspicious growth is found, a skin biopsy is performed, where a sample of the abnormal tissue is removed for microscopic analysis. Biopsies help confirm the presence of cancer and determine its type. Additional imaging tests like CT or MRI scans may be required if cancer is suspected to have spread to other areas of the body.
A skin biopsy involves removing a sample of tissue for laboratory analysis to determine the type and extent of cancer.
A biopsy is performed by taking a small section of skin tissue. It may involve:
Typically staged as “low-risk” or “high-risk,” depending on the lesion size, depth, and location.
Skin cancer treatment depends on the type, stage, and patient health. Surgical excision is the most common treatment, where the cancerous lesion and surrounding tissue are removed. Mohs surgery is particularly effective for basal and squamous cell carcinomas. Radiation therapy is used when surgery isn’t possible or to target remaining cancer cells. Other treatments include cryotherapy (freezing), topical medications, and systemic therapies like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy, particularly for advanced melanoma.
Treatment for skin cancer can lead to complications. Surgery may cause scarring, wound infections, and changes in skin pigmentation. Radiation therapy might result in fatigue, skin irritation, and hair loss in the treated area. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy can cause nausea, fatigue, and increased infection risk. Targeted therapies sometimes lead to skin rashes and gastrointestinal issues. Mohs surgery, though effective, can leave noticeable scars. Despite potential side effects, early treatment significantly improves recovery rates.
While it can’t be entirely prevented, you can significantly reduce your risk of skin cancer by taking precautions. Limiting UV exposure is crucial; wear protective clothing and broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, and avoid tanning beds. Conduct regular self-examinations and consult a dermatologist annually. Early detection is key, and those at high risk should be extra vigilant. Be mindful of UV index warnings and seek shade during peak sun hours.
Skin cancer is a common condition characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells, often due to excessive UV radiation. Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are the most prevalent but usually less aggressive than melanoma. Common symptoms include new or changing moles and sores that don’t heal. Diagnosis relies on skin biopsies, and treatment options vary from surgical excision to systemic therapies. Preventative measures like sunscreen use and routine skin checks can significantly reduce risk. Early detection remains vital, and regular dermatological exams are essential for timely treatment.
The seven warning signs include: